What classification of drugs are sedatives?

Sedatives are classified as medications that calm the nervous system and promote sleep, making the second choice the correct one. These drugs work by depressing the central nervous system, leading to relaxation, reduced anxiety, and the induction of sleep. Sedatives can be utilized in various medical contexts, such as for treating insomnia, anxiety disorders, or as preoperative medications to help calm patients before surgery.

Other classifications mentioned in the options, such as drugs that promote wakefulness, refer to stimulants that increase alertness and energy levels rather than inducing calmness or sleep. Similarly, stimulant medications used for ADHD focus on enhancing concentration and attention, contrasting with the sedative effect. Weight loss medications typically have a different mechanism of action that does not involve calming the nervous system or promoting sleep.