Which of the following defines asthma?

Asthma is defined as a chronic disease that leads to airway inflammation, which is why the correct answer is focused on this aspect. In asthma, the airways react to various triggers (such as allergens, smoke, or exercise) leading to inflammation, constriction of the bronchial tubes, and increased mucus production. This results in symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.

The chronic nature of asthma is key; it is not a temporary condition or a simple reaction. Management of asthma requires ongoing treatment, including medications like bronchodilators and inhaled steroids, to control inflammation and prevent acute episodes. Understanding asthma as a chronic inflammatory disease emphasizes the need for long-term care and management, which distinguishes it from the options describing temporary conditions, allergic reactions, or other respiratory symptoms.